The picture shows Jabal-ur-Rehmah (Mountain of
Mercy) on the plain of Arafat. Standing at Arafat is the fundamental
requirement of Hajj and pilgrims come here on the 9th Dhul Hijjah (second day of Hajj).
The common meaning of the word Arafat is ‘to know’. After being taken
out of Jannah and placed on Earth, it was here that Adam (upon him be
peace) and Hawa (upon him be peace) met up.
Standing on Arafat is an essential part of the Hajj; whoever misses
the standing on Arafat has missed Hajj, because the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allah be on him) said: “Hajj is Arafat.” [al-Hakim]
The day of Arafah has many virtues, as was narrated in many Ahadith.
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allah be on him) said: “There is no day in
which Allah sets free more souls from the fire of hell than on the day
of Arafat. And on that day Allah draws near to the earth and by way of
exhibiting His Pride remarks to the angels, ‘What is the desire of these
(servants of mine)?’” [Muslim]
In another Hadith the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him) said: “Apart
from the day of the Battle of Badr there is no day on which the Shaitan
is seen to be more humiliated, more rejected, more depressed and more
infuriated, than on the day of Arafat, and indeed all this is only
because of beholding the abundance of descending mercy (on the day) and
Allah’s forgiveness of the great sins of the servants.“ [Mishkat]
A man from among the Jews came to Umar (may Allah be pleased with
him) and said:“O Amirul-Muminin, there is a verse in your Book which, if
it had been revealed to us Jews, we would have taken that day as a
festival.” Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked, “Which verse?” to
which the Jew replied,“This day, I have perfected your religion
for you, completed My Favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as
your religion.” [Surah Al-Ma’idah : Ayah 3]. Umar (may Allah
be pleased with him) said: “We know the day and the place in which that
was revealed to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him); it
was when he was standing on Arafat, on a Friday.”
There once existed a masjid on the right slope of Jabal-ur-Rehmah called Masid Sakhrah.
It signified the spot where the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah
be on him), after leading the Zuhr and Asr salahs faced towards the
Qibla and engaged in dua till sunset. It was at this spot where the
above verse of the Quran was revealed. Note that it is stated in a
Hadith that no further verses were revealed after this one with regards
to halal and haram.
One of the virtues of the day of Arafat is that fasting this day
expiates for the sins of the past and coming year. It was reported from
Abu Qatadah that a man said: “O Messenger of Allah, what do you think of fasting on the day of Arafat?” He said: “It expiates for the sins of the previous year and of the coming year” [Muslim]
This (fasting) is mustahab (desirable) for those who
are not on Hajj. In the case of the one who is on Hajj, it is not
Sunnah for him to fast on the Day of Arafat, because the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allah be on him) did not fast on this day when he was
in Arafat.
References: The History of Makkah Mukarramah – Dr. Muhammad Ilyas
Abdul Ghani, Holy Makkah – Shaikh Safiur-Rahman Mubarakpuri, Virtues of
Hajj – Sheikh Zakariyya Kandhalvi
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Hajj