Praise be to Allaah.
Witr prayer is one of the greatest acts of worship that draw
one closer to Allaah. Some of the scholars – the Hanafis – even thought that
it is one of the obligatory prayers, but the correct view is that it is one
of the confirmed Sunnahs (Sunnah mu’akkadah) which the Muslim should observe
regularly and not neglect.
Imam Ahmad (may Allaah
have mercy on him) said: Whoever neglects Witr is a bad man whose testimony
should not be accepted. This indicates that Witr prayer is something that is
confirmed.
We may sum up the manner of offering Witr prayer as follows:
Its timing:
It starts when a person has prayed ‘Isha’, even if it is
joined to Maghrib at the time of Maghrib, and lasts until dawn begins,
because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
“Allaah has prescribed for you a prayer (by which He may increase your
reward), which is Witr; Allaah has enjoined it for you during the time
between ‘Isha’ prayer until dawn begins.” Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 425;
classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi.
Is it better to offer this prayer at the beginning of its
time or to delay it?
The Sunnah indicates that if a person thinks he will be able
to get up at the end of the night, it is better to delay it, because prayer
at the end of the night is better and is witnessed (by the angels). But
whoever fears that he will not get up at the end of the night should pray
Witr before he goes to sleep, because of the hadeeth of Jaabir (may Allaah
be pleased with him) who said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever fears that he will not get
up at the end of the night, let him pray Witr at the beginning of the night,
but whoever thinks that he will be able to get up at the end of the night,
let him pray Witr at the end of the night, for prayer at the end of the
night is witnessed (by the angels) and that is better.” Narrated by Muslim,
755.
Al-Nawawi said: This is the correct view. Other ahaadeeth
which speak of this topic in general terms are to be interpreted in the
light of this sound, specific and clear report, such as the hadeeth, “My
close friend advised me not to sleep without having prayed Witr.” This is to
be understood as referring to one who is not sure that he will be able to
wake up (to pray Witr at the end of the night). Sharh Muslim, 3/277.
The number of rak’ahs:
The minimum number of rak’ahs for Witr is one rak’ah, because
the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Witr is
one rak'ah at the end of the night.” Narrated by Muslim, 752. And he
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The night prayers are two
(rak’ahs) by two, but if one of you fears that dawn is about to break, let
him pray one rak’ah to make what he has prayed odd-numbered.” Narrated by
al-Bukhaari, 911; Muslim, 749. If a person limits himself to praying one
rak’ah, then he has performed the Sunnah. But Witr may also be three or five
or seven or nine.
If a person prays three rak’ahs of Witr this may be done in
two ways, both of which are prescribed in sharee’ah:
1 – To pray them one after another, with one tashahhud,
because of the hadeeth of ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) who
said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used not
to say the tasleem in the (first) two rakahs of Witr. According to another
version: “He used to pray Witr with three rak'ahs and he did not sit except
in the last of them.” Narrated by al-Nasaa’i, 3/234; al-Bayhaqi, 3/31.
al-Nawawi said in al-Majmoo’ (4/7): it was narrated by al-Nasaa’i
with a hasan isnaad, and by al-Bayhaqi with a saheeh isnaad.
2 – Saying the tasleem after two rak'ahs, then praying one
rak’ah on its own, because of the report narrated from Ibn ‘Umar (may Allaah
be pleased with him), that he used to separate the two rak'ahs from the
single rak'ah with a tasleem, and he said that the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to do that. Narrated by Ibn Hibbaan
(2435); Ibn Hajar said in al-Fath (2/482): its isnaad is qawiy
(strong).
But if he prays Witr with
five or seven rak’ahs, then they should be continuous, and he should only
recite one tashahhud in the last of them and say the tasleem, because of the
report narrated by ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) who said: The
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to
pray thirteen rak’ahs at night, praying five rak’ahs of Witr, in which he
would not sit except in the last rak’ah. Narrated by Muslim, 737.
And it was narrated that Umm Salamah (may Allaah be pleased
with her) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
used to pray Witr with five or seven (rak’ahs) and he did not separate
between them with any salaam or words. Narrated by Ahmad, 6/290; al-Nasaa’i,
1714. al-Nawawi said: Its isnaad is jayyid. Al-Fath al-Rabbaani,
2/297. and it was classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Nasaa’i.
If he prays Witr with
nine rak’ahs, then they should be continuous and he should sit to recite the
tashahhud in the eighth rak'ah, then stand up and not say the tasleem, then
he should recite the tashahhud in the ninth rak’ah and then say the tasleem.
It was narrated in Muslim (746) from ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with
her) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used
to pray nine rak’ahs in which he did not sit except in the eighth, when he
would remember Allaah, praise Him and call upon Him, then he would get up
and not say the tasleem, and he would stand up and pray the ninth (rak’ah),
then he would sit and remember Allaah and praise Him and call upon Him, then
he would say a tasleem that we could hear.
If he prayed Witr with eleven rak’ahs, he would say the
tasleem after each two rak’ahs, then pray one rak’ah at the end.
The less perfect way of praying Witr and what is to be
recited therein:
The less perfect way in Witr is to pray two rak'ahs and say
the tasleem, then to pray one rak’ah and say the tasleem. It is permissible
to say one tasleem, but one should say one tashahhud not two, as stated
above.
In the first rak’ah one should recite Sabbih isma rabbika
al-‘a’la (“Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High” – Soorat
al-A’la 87). In the second one should recite Soorat al-Kaafiroon (109), and
in the third Soorat al-Ikhlaas (112).
Al-Nasaa’i (1729) narrated that Ubayy ibn Ka’b said: The
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to
recite in Witr Sabbih isma rabbika al-‘a’la (“Glorify the name of
your Lord, the Most High” – Soorat al-A’la 87), Qul yaa
ayyuha’l-kaafiroon (“Say: O disbeliever…” – Soorat al-Kaafiroon 109) and
Qul Huwa Allaahu ahad (“Say: He is Allaah, the One” – Soorat
al-Ikhlaas 112). Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Nasaa’i.
All these ways of
offering Witr prayer have been mentioned in the Sunnah, but the best way is
not to stick to one particular way; rather one should do it one way one time
and another way another time, so that one will have done all the Sunnahs.
And Allaah knows best.
resource :islamqa
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