The ten days of Dhul Hijjah are the first ten days of the 12th Islamic calendar month called Dhul Hijjah. These are the days when most of the pilgrims make a journey to Makkah and perform their tasks of Hajj. Just as they have a special chance to get extra reward, the ones who were not able to go to Hajj are also given a special chance to get extra reward during these days.
Why are these days so special?
Ibn Hajar rahimahu Allah said the apparent reason they are so special is because the mothers of the acts of worship of Allah occur in them which does not happen in any other days (meaning salah (prayer), charity, fasting, and hajj).
Are these days better than the last ten days of Ramadan?
Most scholars adopt the opinion that these days are better than the last ten days of Ramadan. However, what holds the last ten days of Ramadan at a higher status is the night of Power (Laylatul Qadr) which is equivalent to one thousand months (83.33 years).
The following hadith may shed some light in showing that worship during each of these first ten days of Dhul Hijjah with nightly prayer is like worshipping during the night of power (Laylatul Qadr).
Abu Hurairah relates that the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said, "There are no days more loved to Allah for you to worship Him therein than the ten days of Dhul Hijjah. Fasting any day during it is equivalent to fasting one year and to offer salatul tahajjud (late-night prayer) during one of its nights is like performing the late night prayer on the night of power. [i.e., Laylatul Qadr]." [This is related by at-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, and al-Baihaqi]
The first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah have been singled out especially for great merits and excellences like no other days in the Islamic calendar. Allah in His infinite wisdom and mercy has chosen to dispense infinite spiritual blessing and rewards. Thanks to the high status these days enjoy, Allah has made them worthy of making an oath by them, when He says :
{By the Daybreak, by the Ten Nights} (Al-Fajr 89:1–2).
"There are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these ten days."
•Ibn' Abbas says about the Aayah, "Remember Allaah during the well known days," that it refers to the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah. [This is related by al-Bukhari]
Ibn `Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these ten days." The people asked, "Not even Jihad for the sake of Allah?" He said,"Not even Jihad for the sake of Allah, except in the case of a man who went out, giving himself and his wealth up for the cause (of Allah), and came back with nothing." (Al-Bukhari)
What do I do in these ten days?
1- Dhikr (praise
of Allah (azza wajal)
2- Fast in these days what you
can
3- Give charity
4- Recitation of Qur'an
5- Making Continuous and Consistent
Dua'a
6- Prayer of the night time
7- Fasting and specialty of the
day of Arafah (9th day of Dhul Hijjah)
8- Sacrificing and slaughter of
an animal on the 10th day of Dhul Hijjah
9- Repentance
10- Salah in general
finally : I ask Allah (azza wajal) that He forgive
us for our shortcomings and the we take advantage of these sacred days
getting the mercy and forgiveness of Allah. Ameen.